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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

The Application of 1% Methylene Blue Dye As a Single Technique in Breast Cancer Sentinel Node Biopsy
07:51

The Application of 1% Methylene Blue Dye As a Single Technique in Breast Cancer Sentinel Node Biopsy

Published on: June 1, 2019

Three stage axillary lymphatic massage optimizes sentinel lymph node localisation using blue dye.

Robert M Kirby1, Abdul Basit, Quang T Nguyen

  • 1Breast Unit, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. drabdulbasit@aol.com.

International Seminars in Surgical Oncology : ISSO
|December 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

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Axillary massage improves sentinel lymph node identification in breast cancer surgery. This technique enhances the detection of blue sentinel nodes using patent blue dye, aiding in surgical planning and patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy is crucial for staging breast cancer.
  • Accurate identification of sentinel nodes minimizes unnecessary axillary dissection.
  • Patent blue dye is a common agent for sentinel node localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a three-stage axillary lymphatic massage technique.
  • To determine if massage improves sentinel lymph node identification using patent blue dye.
  • To assess the impact of this technique on surgical outcomes in breast cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Patent blue dye injected retroareolar in 167 invasive breast cancer patients.
  • A three-stage axillary lymphatic massage was performed before incision.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

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  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy was followed by completion axillary sampling or clearance.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful identification of blue lymphatic ducts and sentinel nodes in 97% of patients.
    • Comparison with a control group (168 patients) not receiving axillary massage.
    • A low incidence of allergic reactions (1.2%) was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Three-stage axillary lymphatic massage significantly enhances the identification rate of blue sentinel lymph nodes.
    • This simple technique improves the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer.
    • The method offers a valuable adjunct for surgeons performing breast cancer staging.