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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

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Related Experiment Video

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Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay
08:00

Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay

Published on: June 16, 2021

Epigenetic regulation during mammalian oogenesis.

John Bromfield1, Will Messamore, David F Albertini

  • 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.

Reproduction, Fertility, and Development
|December 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This review explores epigenetic regulation during development, focusing on mechanisms beyond DNA methylation. Understanding these pathways is crucial for reproductive health and offspring well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic regulation controls development beyond direct genomic changes.
  • Current focus is on DNA methylation and histone alterations.
  • Non-cytosine methylation pathways are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epigenetic mechanisms regulating development that do not involve DNA methylation.
  • To highlight the impact of oocyte epigenetic factors on later development.
  • To underscore the importance of epigenetic understanding for reproductive technologies and offspring health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic regulation in development.
  • Focus on non-DNA methylation pathways.
  • Discussion of oocyte factors and their developmental impact.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic pathways independent of DNA methylation significantly influence development from oogenesis to organogenesis.
  • Oocyte factors like organelle development and maternal factor compartmentalization are key.
  • Disruptions in epigenetic regulation are linked to diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and infertility.

Conclusions:

  • Non-DNA methylation epigenetic mechanisms are critical for successful development and offspring health.
  • Understanding these pathways is essential given the rise of assisted reproductive techniques.
  • Further research into these mechanisms is needed to mitigate risks associated with assisted reproduction.