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Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

Leaky Scanning

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

Published on: February 16, 2017

Upstream open reading frames regulate the expression of the nuclear Wnt13 isoforms.

Tao Tang¹, Kyle Rector, Corey D Barnett

¹Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 Limestone Street, Room 515, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

|December 25, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Wnt13C nuclear form expression is translationally controlled by upstream open reading frames, particularly during stress and apoptosis. This discovery sheds light on Wnt protein regulation. Keywords: Wnt13C, translational control, apoptosis, Wnt expression.

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The Soft Agar Colony Formation Assay

The Soft Agar Colony Formation Assay

Published on: October 27, 2014

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

Published on: February 16, 2017

The Soft Agar Colony Formation Assay

The Soft Agar Colony Formation Assay

Published on: October 27, 2014

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Wnt proteins are crucial for cell survival and fate during development.
Mechanisms regulating Wnt gene expression, especially at the translational level, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the translational regulation of Wnt13B and Wnt13C mRNA.
To identify the specific translation initiation codons responsible for Wnt13 nuclear forms.

Main Methods:

Dicistronic reporter assays were used to assess internal ribosome entry site activity.
Mutations and deletions of upstream initiation codons (AUG(-99) and AUG(+1)) were analyzed.
Wnt13C expression was examined under stress and apoptosis conditions.

Main Results:

A downstream initiation codon, AUG(+74), in Wnt13B and Wnt13C mRNAs directs the expression of Wnt13 nuclear forms.
Wnt13C nuclear form expression is translationally regulated by stress and apoptosis.
Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5'-leaders of Wnt13C and Wnt13B mRNAs inhibit translation, and their removal abrogates this effect.

Conclusions:

Wnt13C expression is translationally controlled via upstream open reading frames.
This translational regulation impacts Wnt13 nuclear form generation, particularly under cellular stress.
Findings suggest translational control is a key modulator of Wnt protein localization and activity.