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Related Concept Videos

Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa
04:46

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa

Published on: September 3, 2012

Genital herpes.

Rachna Gupta1, Terri Warren, Anna Wald

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. Rachnabanner@aol.com

Lancet (London, England)
|December 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genital herpes, primarily caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2, is a common cause of genital ulcers. Early diagnosis and antiviral treatment are crucial for managing infections and preventing transmission.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

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Published on: September 3, 2012

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses
04:41

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Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining
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Published on: January 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Genital herpes is the leading cause of genital ulcers globally.
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 (HSV-2) is the primary cause, with prevalence ranging from 10% to 60%.
  • HSV-1 is increasingly implicated in new genital herpes cases in developed nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of genital herpes.
  • To highlight the association between HSV-2 and increased HIV acquisition risk.
  • To emphasize the importance of routine virological and serological testing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data on HSV prevalence.
  • Summary of clinical and diagnostic approaches for genital herpes.
  • Overview of current treatment strategies, including oral antivirals.

Main Results:

  • Genital herpes, mainly HSV-2, affects a significant portion of the global population.
  • HSV-2 infection elevates HIV acquisition risk threefold.
  • Most infections are undiagnosed, yet individuals shed the virus, facilitating transmission.
  • Clinical diagnosis lacks sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Virological and type-specific serological tests are recommended for accurate diagnosis.
  • Oral antiviral drugs are safe and effective for episodic treatment and recurrence prevention.
  • Antiviral therapy for infected partners and consistent condom use can reduce HSV-2 sexual transmission.