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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...

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Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
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Apolipoprotein e polymorphism in ischemic stroke patients with different pathogenetic origins.

So Young Kang1, Woo In Lee

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. wileemd@khu.ac.kr.

The Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine
|December 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The apolipoprotein E (apoE) epsilon4 allele is linked to ischemic stroke, but not specifically to large artery atherosclerosis or small artery occlusion. High LDL cholesterol also correlates with stroke risk, suggesting apoE epsilon4 may influence stroke independently of atherosclerosis.

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Published on: July 3, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism's role in serum lipid levels and atherosclerosis remains unclear.
  • Investigating apoE's association with lipid concentrations and ischemic stroke subtypes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the associations of apoE genotypes and lipid concentrations with ischemic stroke in Korean patients.
  • To differentiate these associations between large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and small artery occlusion (SAO) subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 194 ischemic stroke patients (112 LAA, 82 SAO) and 168 controls.
  • Serum lipid levels were measured; apoE genotyping was performed using real-time PCR.

Main Results:

  • Epsilon4 allele frequency was significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients (22.7%) versus controls (11.9%).
  • No significant difference in epsilon4 frequency was observed between LAA and SAO subgroups.
  • Ischemic stroke patients had higher adjusted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) levels; LDLc was lower in epsilon2 carriers.

Conclusions:

  • The epsilon4 allele is associated with ischemic stroke, independent of atherosclerotic mechanisms.
  • While LDLc is linked to stroke, lipid profiles and apoE genotype distributions did not differ between LAA and SAO subgroups.