Bispectral index, entropy, and quantitative electroencephalogram during single-agent xenon anesthesia

Area of Science:

• Anesthesiology
• Neuroscience
• Medical Devices

Background:

• Single-agent xenon anesthesia is an emerging anesthetic technique.
• Monitoring anesthetic depth is crucial for patient safety.
• Bispectral Index (BIS) and Entropy are commonly used electroencephalogram (EEG)-derived depth of anesthesia monitors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the performance of BIS and Entropy monitors during xenon anesthesia.
• To assess the accuracy of these monitors in detecting changes in anesthetic depth.
• To compare the effectiveness of BIS and Entropy during induction, maintenance, and emergence from xenon anesthesia.

Main Methods:

• Seventeen healthy subjects underwent xenon anesthesia.
• BIS, State Entropy, and Response Entropy were monitored.
• Performance was assessed using prediction probability, sensitivity, and specificity analyses.
• Quantitative EEG analysis was performed.

Main Results:

• BIS and Entropy showed a delay in detecting loss of response during xenon induction.
• All monitors demonstrated good performance during steady-state anesthesia and emergence.
• No significant differences were found between the performances of BIS, State Entropy, and Response Entropy.
• Xenon anesthesia induced characteristic EEG changes, including increased delta, theta, and alpha activity.

Conclusions:

• EEG-derived depth of sedation indices (BIS and Entropy) exhibit a delay in detecting loss of response during xenon anesthesia induction.
• These monitors effectively distinguish between conscious and unconscious states during steady-state xenon anesthesia.
• Xenon-induced EEG changes are comparable to those observed with propofol anesthesia.