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Related Concept Videos

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Acromegaly: re-thinking the cancer risk.

Siobhan Loeper1, Shereen Ezzat

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. sloeper@uhnresearch.ca

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
|December 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acromegaly, marked by high growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), increases cancer risk. This review explores the GH/IGF-I axis

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Oncology
  • Molecular Biology and Genetics

Background:

  • Acromegaly involves sustained high levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I).
  • This condition is linked to increased cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory morbidity and mortality.
  • Cancer-related mortality in acromegaly patients appears elevated, particularly with uncontrolled disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the GH/IGF-I axis in various cancer types.
  • To assess the existing evidence linking acromegaly to specific neoplasms.
  • To explore the hypothesis that acromegaly itself may predispose to cancer through genetic or epigenetic alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of in vitro, animal, and human studies.
  • Analysis of retrospective studies on cancer-related mortality in acromegaly patients.
  • Exploration of the GH/IGF-I axis's role in tumor initiation and progression.

Main Results:

  • The GH/IGF-I axis is implicated in the progression and potential initiation of colon, breast, prostate, and thyroid cancers in general populations.
  • Evidence directly linking these specific cancers to the GH/IGF-I axis in acromegaly patients is less convincing.
  • Acromegaly may confer cancer predisposition independent of hormone hypersecretion, possibly via genetic/epigenetic changes.

Conclusions:

  • While the GH/IGF-I axis plays a role in cancer, its direct impact in acromegaly requires further investigation.
  • Acromegaly might represent a broader cancer predisposition syndrome.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cancer risk in acromegaly.