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Related Experiment Videos

Altered axial skeletal development.

Rochelle W Tyl1, Neil Chernoff, John M Rogers

  • 1Center for Life Sciences and Toxicology, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, USA. rwt@rti.org

Birth Defects Research. Part B, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology
|December 25, 2007
PubMed
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This study reviews axial skeleton anomalies, focusing on vertebrae and ribs. It details spontaneous and chemically induced defects in humans and animals, aiding developmental toxicity assessments.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental toxicology
  • Skeletal biology
  • Teratology

Background:

  • The axial skeleton, comprising the skull, vertebral column, and ribs, is a sensitive indicator in developmental toxicity studies.
  • Skeletal anomalies, including vertebral and rib defects, are observed in both human populations and experimental animals.
  • Understanding these anomalies is crucial for assessing the adverse effects of chemical agents on development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of spontaneous and agent-induced anomalies of the vertebrae and ribs.
  • To discuss the morphology, incidence, and induction of axial skeletal anomalies.
  • To highlight the postnatal persistence and genetic control of axial skeletal development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on axial skeletal anomalies.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Compilation of data on spontaneous and induced anomalies in human and animal models.
  • Analysis of specific chemical agents known to induce axial skeletal malformations.
  • Discussion of developmental processes and genetic factors influencing axial skeleton formation.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed descriptions of common vertebral and rib anomalies, both spontaneous and induced.
    • Incidence rates of axial anomalies in human and experimental animal populations are presented.
    • Examples of anomalies induced by specific chemicals like methanol, boric acid, and valproic acid are discussed.
    • Information on the persistence of skeletal anomalies after birth and their genetic underpinnings is provided.

    Conclusions:

    • The axial skeleton is a sensitive target for developmental toxicants.
    • Understanding spontaneous and induced axial skeletal anomalies is vital for risk assessment.
    • Further research into the genetic control of axial skeletal development can inform toxicity studies.