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Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

Protein factors in pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.

C R Mandel1, Y Bai, L Tong

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|December 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eukaryotic pre-mRNA requires 3'-end processing involving numerous protein factors and sub-complexes. This complex machinery is crucial for gene expression, impacting transcription and splicing alongside its primary function.

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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation

Background:

  • Eukaryotic messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) undergo essential 3'-end processing, including cleavage and polyadenylation.
  • This processing is orchestrated by cis-acting sequence elements within the pre-mRNA and a multitude of protein factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the protein factors and sub-complexes involved in eukaryotic 3'-end pre-mRNA processing.
  • To highlight the significant roles of the 3'-end processing machinery in transcription and splicing.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of protein factors constituting the mammalian and yeast 3'-end processing complexes.
  • Analysis of the composition of mammalian sub-complexes (CPSF, CstF, CF I, CF II) and yeast factors (CF IA, CF IB, CPF).

Main Results:

  • Mammalian 3'-end processing involves over 14 proteins, including CPSF, CstF, CF I, CF II, poly(A) polymerase, PABP, symplekin, and the CTD of RNAP II.
  • Yeast 3'-end processing utilizes over 20 proteins, comprising CF IA, CF IB, and CPF.
  • The 3'-end processing machinery demonstrates functional integration with transcription and splicing pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The 3'-end processing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA is a highly complex process involving a large number of protein factors organized into distinct sub-complexes.
  • This machinery plays a multifaceted role, extending beyond polyadenylation to influence fundamental cellular processes like transcription and splicing.