Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cerebrospinal fluid leptin in Alzheimer's disease: relationship to plasma levels and to cerebrospinal amyloid.

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine·2025

Same author

[Measurement of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme in the blood: help for method validation].

Annales de biologie clinique·2020

Same author

Long-term Metabolic and Socioeducational Outcomes of Transient Neonatal Diabetes: A Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Study.

Diabetes care·2020

Same author

Exposure to Glucocorticoids in the First Part of Fetal Life is Associated with Insulin Secretory Defect in Adult Humans.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2019

Same author

Checkpoint inhibitor treatment induces an increase in HbA1c in nondiabetic patients.

Melanoma research·2019

Same author

Acute phase ketosis-prone atypical diabetes is associated with a pro-inflammatory profile: a case-control study in a sub-Saharan African population.

Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Published on: November 13, 2016

Differences in circulating insulin levels following glargine administration.

Fidaa Ibrahim¹, Georges Bagnard, Philippe Boudou

¹Unit of Transfert in Molecular Oncology and Hormonology, Saint-Louis University Hospital, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France.

Clinical Biochemistry

|December 28, 2007

Summary

Two insulin immunoassays were evaluated in routine practice. The electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) showed higher insulin results than the IRMA assay, particularly in patients treated with glargine insulin.

More Related Videos

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Published on: November 13, 2016

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Clinical Chemistry
Laboratory Medicine

Background:

Accurate insulin measurement is crucial for diagnosing and managing metabolic disorders.
Two common immunoassays, IRMA and ECLIA, are used for insulin quantification.
Understanding assay performance in routine practice, especially with specific treatments like glargine, is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the performance of two-site non-competitive insulin immunoassays, the BI-INSULIN assay (IRMA) and an electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA), in routine clinical practice.
To assess the impact of glargine treatment on insulin measurements obtained by these assays.

Main Methods:

A study involving 145 consecutive patients from an Endocrine Department was conducted.
Patients underwent general endocrine and metabolic status investigations.
Insulin levels were measured using both the IRMA and ECLIA methods.

Main Results:

The ECLIA consistently yielded higher insulin results compared to the IRMA assay across most patients.
A notable exception was observed in six patients treated with glargine, where the difference was less pronounced or reversed.
This suggests a potential influence of glargine or its metabolites on assay performance.

Conclusions:

Insulin levels measured by the Elecsys (ECLIA) system in patients treated with glargine are directly correlated with glargine biotransformation into its detectable metabolite (M1).
The findings highlight the importance of considering specific therapeutic agents, such as glargine, when interpreting insulin immunoassay results.
Assay selection and interpretation should account for potential interferences or specific analyte biotransformation pathways.