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Related Concept Videos

Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution02:45

Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution

A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, such addition of a strong acid or base does result in the slight pH change of the solution. The small pH change can be calculated by determining the resulting change in the concentration of buffer components, i.e., a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The concentrations obtained using these stoichiometric calculations can be used...
Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
Dosage Regimen: Multiple Oral Dosage01:25

Dosage Regimen: Multiple Oral Dosage

Understanding how a drug's concentration fluctuates within the body over time is crucial in pharmacokinetics, particularly with multiple oral doses. A graphical representation of multiple oral dosages provides insight into these dynamics. Typical accumulation curves of a drug's concentration in the body reveal a sawtooth pattern, indicating periodic peaks and troughs correlating with each dose administration and the drug's subsequent elimination.The plasma concentration at any time during an...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products
09:24

Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products

Published on: August 22, 2017

Approximal fluoride concentration using different fluoridated products alone or in combination.

B Sarner1, D Birkhed, P Lingstrom

  • 1Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. barbro.sarner@odontologi.gu.se

Caries Research
|December 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The order of using fluoride (F) products matters for maximizing approximal F concentration. Combining interdental brushes with F gel after brushing significantly boosts fluoride levels at approximal sites.

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Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products
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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Cariology
  • Preventive Dentistry

Background:

  • Fluoride (F) is crucial for preventing dental caries.
  • Optimizing fluoride delivery to approximal tooth surfaces is essential for effective caries prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure approximal fluoride concentration after using various fluoride-containing products.
  • To evaluate the impact of product combination and usage order on fluoride levels.

Main Methods:

  • Ten subjects participated in 17 randomized occasions across two trials.
  • Fluoride concentration was measured after using toothpicks, floss, interdental brushes with gels (0.2% or 0.32% F), toothpaste (0.32% F), and mouthrinse (0.2% NaF).

Main Results:

  • Mouthrinse yielded the highest approximal F, followed by toothpicks and brushing.
  • Combining brushing with flossing or toothpicks showed minimal order influence.
  • Using gels alone or with brushing increased approximal F compared to brushing alone.
  • Using interdental brushes with F gel after toothbrushing ('Inter Dental Brush Gel Method') significantly elevated approximal F.

Conclusions:

  • The sequence of applying fluoride products impacts approximal fluoride levels.
  • The 'Inter Dental Brush Gel Method' is effective for achieving high fluoride concentrations at approximal sites, enhancing caries prevention strategies.