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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides02:38

Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides

Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain is more in the ring having a smaller number of...
Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay
05:17

Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay

Published on: February 9, 2021

Oxime silanes: structure/toxicity relationships.

Michael J Derelanko1, George M Rusch

  • 1Adolor Corporation, Exton, Pennsylvania, USA.

Drug and Chemical Toxicology
|December 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO) and methyl isobutyl ketoxime (MIBKO) silanes showed transient narcosis and anemia. Specific methyl/vinyl difunctional silanes caused testicular degeneration in rats.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology and Chemical Safety
  • Materials Science and Engineering

Background:

  • Silanes containing oxime groups (MEKO and MIBKO) are utilized in various industrial applications.
  • Understanding the toxicological profiles of these silanes is crucial for occupational safety and risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the acute and repeated oral and dermal toxicity of eight different oxime silanes in rats.
  • To identify specific structural features of oxime silanes that contribute to observed toxicological effects, particularly testicular toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Standardized acute and repeated oral and dermal toxicology studies were performed on rats.
  • Eight oxime silanes were tested, varying in their oxime (MEKO/MIBKO) and non-oxime (methyl, vinyl, phenyl) substituents.
  • Histopathological examination of testes was conducted to assess effects on spermatogenesis.

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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
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Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay
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Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay

Published on: February 9, 2021

Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes
05:15

Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes

Published on: February 6, 2019

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Main Results:

  • All tested silanes induced transient narcosis and anemia upon oral exposure.
  • Difunctional oxime silanes with both methyl and vinyl groups caused seminiferous tubule degeneration in testes.
  • Testicular toxicity was linked to the methyl/vinyl silane moiety, not the oxime group, and required both methyl and vinyl substituents.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of both methyl and vinyl groups on the silane molecule is necessary for inducing testicular toxicity.
  • The silane portion, specifically the methyl/vinyl combination, is the primary driver of testicular toxicity, not the oxime group.
  • Most oxime silanes evaluated, excluding methyl/vinyl difunctional types, exhibited low systemic toxicity.