Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Integrating 12 Spatial and Single Cell Technologies to Characterise Tumour Neighbourhoods and Cellular Interactions in three Skin Cancer Types.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

A phase Ib study to assess the safety of the human papillomavirus DNA vaccine (AMV002) in combination with durvalumab for HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Frontiers in oncology·2024

Same author

Salivary micro RNAs as biomarkers for oropharyngeal cancer.

Cancer medicine·2023

Same author

Caerin 1.1/1.9 Enhances Antitumour Immunity by Activating the IFN-α Response Signalling Pathway of Tumour Macrophages.

Cancers·2022

Same author

The Innovation: A Journal to See the Unseen and Change the Unchanged.

Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.))·2021

Same author

Drug repurposing: Misconceptions, challenges, and opportunities for academic researchers.

Science translational medicine·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

Correlating immunity with protection for HPV infection.

¹Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia. ifrazer@cicr.uq.edu.au

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

|March 8, 2008

Summary

The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is highly effective in preventing HPV-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and other neoplasias. It induces a strong, long-lasting immune response, particularly in prepubertal children.

More Related Videos

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: July 18, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: July 18, 2013

Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Vaccinology

Background:

Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections.
Persistent HPV infections can lead to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2/3 and cervical cancer.
Most HPV infections resolve spontaneously, but a subset progresses to precancerous lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and immunogenicity of a prophylactic quadrivalent HPV vaccine.
To assess the vaccine's ability to prevent HPV-related diseases, including cervical cancer precursors.
To understand the immune response induced by the HPV vaccine.

Main Methods:

Utilized quadrivalent virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine targeting HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18.
Assessed vaccine efficacy in preventing HPV 16- and 18-related CIN 2/3 in young, HPV-naïve women.
Measured vaccine immunogenicity, including antibody titers and immune memory responses.

Main Results:

The quadrivalent vaccine demonstrated 100% efficacy in preventing HPV 16- and 18-related CIN 2/3.
The vaccine also showed efficacy against anogenital warts and vaginal/vulvar neoplasias.
Vaccine-induced protection is mediated by neutralizing antibodies against HPV capsid determinants.

Conclusions:

The quadrivalent HPV vaccine is highly effective and immunogenic, inducing persistent neutralizing antibodies and immune memory.
The vaccine elicits the strongest immune response in prepubertal children (9-12 years).
Long-term follow-up studies are ongoing to assess the duration of vaccine-induced protection.