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Elastic Collisions: Case Study01:15

Elastic Collisions: Case Study

Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...
Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving01:06

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving

In multiple dimensions, the conservation of momentum applies in each direction independently. Hence, to solve collisions in multiple dimensions, we should write down the momentum conservation in each direction separately. To help understand collisions in multiple dimensions, consider an example.
A small car of mass 1,200 kg traveling east at 60 km/h collides at an intersection with a truck of mass 3,000 kg traveling due north at 40 km/h. The two vehicles are locked together. What is the...
Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction01:05

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction

It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a problem,...
Bernoulli's Principle: Applications01:17

Bernoulli's Principle: Applications

There are many devices and situations in which fluid flows at a constant height and so can be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. These devices include, but are not limited to, entrainment devices and fluid flow measuring devices.
Entrainment devices use a high fluid speed to create low pressures and, thus, entrain one fluid into another. Some examples of these devices are given below:
Predicting Reaction Outcomes02:24

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
Conservation of Momentum: Problem Solving01:30

Conservation of Momentum: Problem Solving

Solving problems using the conservation of momentum requires four basic steps:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Design and Optimization Strategies of a High-Performance Vented Box
14:23

Design and Optimization Strategies of a High-Performance Vented Box

Published on: June 9, 2023

Prediction for vented explosions in chambers with multiple obstacles.

Dal Jae Park1, Young Soon Lee, Anthony Roland Green

  • 1School of Safety Science, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia. d.park@student.unsw.edu.au

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|December 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Existing explosion venting models like NFPA, Molkov, and Yao were tested. A new model for chambers with internal obstacles showed good correlation with experimental data, offering improved predictive accuracy for safety designs.

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Design and Optimization Strategies of a High-Performance Vented Box
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Design and Optimization Strategies of a High-Performance Vented Box

Published on: June 9, 2023

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10:51

Evaluating Primary Blast Effects In Vitro

Published on: September 18, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Safety Engineering

Background:

  • Existing models for explosion venting, including NFPA, Molkov, and Yao equations, are widely used but their predictive accuracy with internal obstacles requires further validation.
  • Experimental data on peak pressures in chambers with internal obstacles is crucial for assessing the reliability of current explosion venting models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the predictive performance of established explosion venting models against experimental data for chambers with internal obstacles.
  • To develop and validate a new empirical model for characterizing explosion venting in chambers containing internal obstacles.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of predictions from NFPA, Molkov, and Yao equations with experimental peak pressure data.
  • Statistical analysis to assess the agreement and identify underpredictions of existing models.
  • Development of a new empirical model based on experimental data.
  • Validation of the new model against the experimental dataset and an independent literature dataset.

Main Results:

  • The NFPA equation generally overestimated peak pressures.
  • Molkov and Yao equations showed better agreement with experimental data than NFPA but tended to underpredict pressures.
  • The newly developed empirical model demonstrated good correlation with the experimental data.
  • The new model's performance was further confirmed through validation with published literature data.

Conclusions:

  • Existing explosion venting models may not accurately predict peak pressures in chambers with internal obstacles, potentially leading to insufficient safety margins.
  • The new empirical model provides a more reliable prediction of explosion venting pressures in chambers with internal obstacles.
  • The validated new model can enhance the safety and design of facilities where explosion venting is critical.