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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces
07:55

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces

Published on: January 7, 2020

Foreign body reaction to biomaterials.

James M Anderson1, Analiz Rodriguez, David T Chang

  • 1Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States. jma6@case.edu

Seminars in Immunology
|December 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The foreign body reaction (FBR) involves immune cells interacting with implanted medical devices. Biomaterial surface properties significantly influence FBR, impacting device safety and tissue integration.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Immunology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • The foreign body reaction (FBR) is a critical immune response to implanted medical devices, prostheses, and biomaterials.
  • This reaction involves macrophages and foreign body giant cells, influencing device biocompatibility and long-term function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key events leading to the FBR.
  • To explore factors modulating macrophage and foreign body giant cell interactions with synthetic surfaces.
  • To understand the impact of biomaterial surface characteristics on cellular events within the FBR.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of inflammatory and wound healing processes following material implantation.
  • Analysis of protein adsorption, monocyte/macrophage adhesion, and cell fusion.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces
07:55

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces

Published on: January 7, 2020

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Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

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Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials
09:46

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials

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  • Examination of biomaterial surface properties (chemical, physical, morphological) and their role.

    • Main Results:

    • Biomaterial surface properties significantly modulate the FBR, particularly in the initial weeks post-implantation.
    • The FBR influences protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and the formation of foreign body giant cells.
    • Understanding these interactions is crucial for assessing device biocompatibility and tissue response.

    Conclusions:

    • The FBR is a persistent response that impacts the safety and efficacy of medical devices and tissue-engineered constructs.
    • Modulating FBR through biomaterial design is key for successful integration and function.
    • Further research into immune system interactions with biomaterials and engineered tissues is vital for regenerative medicine.