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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

The Use of Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA) to Explore Protein Expression Variation within Individual Renal Cell Cancers
Published on: January 22, 2013
Molecular targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma
Sam D Graham1, Mary Elizabeth Warden, Jeffrey Lou
1Urologic Specialists of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23225, USA.
Abstract:
New advances in technology to directly target specific molecular events in the proliferation of cancer have led to promising results in renal cell carcinoma. Response rates in excess of 70% and complete responses in advanced (metastatic) renal cell carcinoma have caused a change in the paradigm of treatment from immunotherapy. Toxicities are significant, but manageable and pushing the toxicity to tolerability may increase the response rate.
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