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Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia01:24

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DysplasiaDysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells, characterized by pleomorphism, nuclear abnormalities, and increased mitotic activity. It commonly affects epithelial tissues, including the cervix, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory mucosa, and endometrium. Although it may occur alongside hyperplasia, dysplasia is not a true adaptive response but a preneoplastic change with potential to progress to cancer.When confined above the basement...
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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
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Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

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Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Generation of Lymphocytic Microparticles and Detection of their Proapoptotic Effect on Airway Epithelial Cells
09:26

Generation of Lymphocytic Microparticles and Detection of their Proapoptotic Effect on Airway Epithelial Cells

Published on: February 20, 2015

Epithelial cell apoptosis and lung remodeling.

Kazuyoshi Kuwano1

  • 1Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. kkuwano@jikei.ac.jp

Cellular & Molecular Immunology
|January 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Epithelial cell apoptosis initiates lung damage and remodeling in lung diseases. Understanding apoptosis pathways offers potential for novel therapeutic strategies targeting these conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Pulmonology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Lung epithelial cells are central to lung damage in various diseases.
  • Epithelial cell apoptosis is an early event in many lung pathologies.
  • Apoptosis involves direct death receptor and stress-induced mitochondrial/endoplasmic reticulum pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding apoptosis signaling in the lung.
  • To discuss the role of apoptosis in lung remodeling processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of apoptosis signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of epithelial and mesenchymal interactions in lung remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Apoptosis signaling comprises direct and stress-mediated pathways.

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  • Epithelial cell death triggers complex remodeling including fibrosis.
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are critical in lung repair and disease.
  • Conclusions:

    • Further insights into apoptosis regulation may yield new lung disease treatments.
    • Targeting apoptosis pathways is a promising therapeutic avenue for lung diseases.