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Auditory brainstem implants.

Marc S Schwartz1, Steven R Otto, Robert V Shannon

  • 1House Clinic, Los Angeles, California 90057, USA. mscwartz@hei.org

Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental Neurotherapeutics
|January 1, 2008
PubMed
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Auditory brainstem implants (ABI) offer hearing benefits for patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) when cochlear implants fail due to cochlear nerve destruction. ABIs provide environmental sound awareness and aid lip-reading, with some speech comprehension possible.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cochlear implantation is effective for post-lingual deafness.
  • Cochlear nerve destruction, often from neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), makes cochlear implants ineffective.
  • NF2 causes bilateral acoustic neuromas, frequently leading to deafness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the development, use, and outcomes of the auditory brainstem implant (ABI).
  • To explore alternative auditory prostheses for patients with non-functional cochlear nerves.

Main Methods:

  • Auditory brainstem implants (ABI) are surgically implanted via craniotomy, often during tumor removal.
  • Patient outcomes were assessed based on auditory perception and speech understanding.

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Main Results:

  • Most ABI patients achieve good environmental sound awareness.
  • Speech perception benefits are generally modest.
  • Many patients use the ABI to enhance lip-reading skills; some achieve direct speech comprehension.

Conclusions:

  • The ABI is a viable option for hearing restoration in NF2 patients with cochlear nerve loss.
  • Future research includes penetrating ABIs, ABI use in non-tumor cases, and auditory midbrain implants.