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Related Concept Videos

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Transmission of Pathogens01:24

Transmission of Pathogens

Pathogens spread from their reservoirs to susceptible hosts through three main routes: contact transmission, vehicle transmission, and vector transmission. Each route involves distinct mechanisms of transfer.Contact TransmissionThis category includes direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet transmission:Direct contact involves immediate physical interaction between individuals—such as a handshake—which can spread pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes, the bacterium responsible for...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
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Biological Methods for Microbial Control

Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...

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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection
11:56

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection

Published on: October 25, 2013

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE): transmission and control.

Evelina Tacconelli1, Maria A Cataldo

  • 1Division Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Largo F.Vito, 100168, Rome, Italy. etacconelli@rm.unicatt.it

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
|January 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) spread easily in hospitals. A scoring system shows promise in reducing VRE colonization rates, offering a new approach to infection control.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection
11:56

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection

Published on: October 25, 2013

Development of a More Sensitive and Specific Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Other Vibrio Species
09:34

Development of a More Sensitive and Specific Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Other Vibrio Species

Published on: November 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hospital Epidemiology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) transmission occurs via direct/indirect contact and contaminated surfaces.
  • Antibiotic exposure significantly influences VRE transmission dynamics.
  • Current control measures (hand hygiene, surveillance, isolation, antibiotic restriction) have limited success in eradicating VRE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of existing VRE control measures.
  • To identify factors contributing to the persistence of VRE in hospitals.
  • To explore novel strategies for reducing VRE colonization and infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on VRE transmission and control.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to VRE endemicity.
  • Evaluation of a scoring system for VRE control.

Main Results:

  • Despite implemented control measures, VRE remains endemic in many healthcare settings.
  • Non-compliance, antibiotic overuse, and insensitive detection methods hinder VRE control.
  • A point-based scoring system demonstrated efficacy in reducing nosocomial VRE colonization.

Conclusions:

  • Existing VRE control strategies require improvement and consistent adherence.
  • Novel approaches, such as scoring systems, may enhance VRE prevention efforts.
  • Further comparative studies are needed to optimize VRE control in diverse epidemiological contexts.