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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
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Plasma trace elements and cognitive function in older men and women: the Rancho Bernardo study.

P K Lam1, D Kritz-Silverstein, E Barrett Connor

  • 1Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 0607, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607, USA.

The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging
|January 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Optimal cognitive function in older adults may depend on specific iron, copper, and zinc levels, with findings differing between men and women. These trace element concentrations may be crucial for cognitive health in aging populations.

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Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Nutritional Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers of Cognitive Aging
  • Trace Element Metabolism

Background:

  • Cognitive decline is a significant concern in aging populations.
  • Trace elements like iron, copper, and zinc play vital roles in brain function.
  • Understanding the relationship between these minerals and cognition is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sex-specific associations between plasma concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc and cognitive function in older adults.
  • To identify potential optimal trace element levels for cognitive performance in elderly individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 602 men and 849 women (average age 75).
  • Assayed plasma concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc.
  • Administered 12 cognitive function tests, with sex-specific analyses adjusted for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

  • Significant sex differences observed in education, alcohol intake, trace element levels, and cognitive test scores.
  • In men, inverted U-shaped associations were found between iron levels and performance on specific cognitive tests.
  • In women, inverse linear associations were observed for iron and copper with cognitive scores, while zinc showed a positive association with one cognitive measure.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal trace element concentrations may be linked to optimal cognitive function in older adults.
  • These optimal levels appear to be sex-dependent and may vary across different cognitive domains.