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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles01:27

Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles

The primary role of cardiac muscles is to propel blood throughout the cardiovascular system. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, exhibit specialized characteristics that allow them to perform this function.
Cardiac muscle cells are smaller than skeletal muscles, averaging 10–20 mm in diameter and 50–100 mm in length. However, they have large energy demands for continuous contraction and relaxation. This energy is almost exclusively derived from aerobic metabolism of energy reserves in...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate...
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...

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Analyzing Oxygen Consumption Rate in Primary Cultured Mouse Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer
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Published on: February 13, 2019

Aerobic capacity-dependent differences in cardiac gene expression.

Anja Bye1, Mette Langaas, Morten A Høydal

  • 1Department of Circulation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

Physiological Genomics
|January 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Inborn aerobic capacity influences cardiac gene expression, affecting energy metabolism and cellular stress. Low aerobic capacity in rats mirrored metabolic syndrome, unlike high aerobic capacity rats.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Aerobic capacity is a key determinant of cardiovascular mortality.
  • Artificial selection can create distinct phenotypes for studying complex traits.
  • Understanding cardiac gene expression differences is crucial for cardiovascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between inborn aerobic capacity and cardiac gene expression.
  • To identify genetic differences in heart tissue between rats selected for high (HCR) and low (LCR) running capacity.
  • To explore the impact of exercise training on cardiac gene expression in these distinct phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide gene expression analysis using microarrays in rat hearts.
  • Artificial selection over 16 generations to establish HCR and LCR rat lines.
  • Gene ontology analysis to interpret functional differences in gene expression.
  • Comparison of sedentary and exercise-trained animals.

Main Results:

  • 1,540 genes were differentially expressed between sedentary HCR and LCR rats.
  • HCR rats showed higher expression of lipid metabolism genes; LCR rats showed higher expression of glucose metabolism genes.
  • LCR rats exhibited pathological growth signaling, cellular stress, and potential hypoxia-induced transcriptional changes.
  • Exercise training had minimal impact on gene expression in this model.

Conclusions:

  • Inborn aerobic capacity significantly alters cardiac gene expression profiles.
  • Differences in cardiac energy substrate utilization (fatty acid vs. glucose) are linked to aerobic capacity.
  • Low aerobic capacity is associated with detrimental cardiac signaling pathways, including stress and potential hypoxia.
  • These findings provide insights into the genetic basis of cardiovascular health and disease risk.