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Related Concept Videos

Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Laser Microdissection Applied to Gene Expression Profiling of Subset of Cells from the Drosophila Wing Disc
15:59

Laser Microdissection Applied to Gene Expression Profiling of Subset of Cells from the Drosophila Wing Disc

Published on: May 1, 2010

Predicting expression patterns from regulatory sequence in Drosophila segmentation.

Eran Segal1, Tali Raveh-Sadka, Mark Schroeder

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. eran@weizmann.ac.il

Nature
|January 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new thermodynamic model accurately predicts gene expression patterns in metazoan development by analyzing regulatory DNA sequences and transcription factor interactions. This computational framework enhances understanding of developmental gene networks.

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Dissection and Immunostaining of Imaginal Discs from Drosophila melanogaster

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Laser Microdissection Applied to Gene Expression Profiling of Subset of Cells from the Drosophila Wing Disc
15:59

Laser Microdissection Applied to Gene Expression Profiling of Subset of Cells from the Drosophila Wing Disc

Published on: May 1, 2010

Mapping and Application of Enhancer-trap Flippase Expression in Larval and Adult Drosophila CNS
09:45

Mapping and Application of Enhancer-trap Flippase Expression in Larval and Adult Drosophila CNS

Published on: June 3, 2011

Dissection and Immunostaining of Imaginal Discs from Drosophila melanogaster
10:10

Dissection and Immunostaining of Imaginal Discs from Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: September 20, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Systems biology
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Precise spatiotemporal gene expression is crucial for metazoan development.
  • Mechanistic understanding of transcription control networks remains incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel thermodynamic model for predicting gene expression patterns.
  • To elucidate how cis-regulatory sequences and transcription factors (TFs) orchestrate development.
  • To apply the model to the Drosophila melanogaster segmentation gene network.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a thermodynamic model to compute expression patterns based on cis-regulatory sequences and TF binding/expression.
  • Applied the model to analyze cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • Investigated the contribution of strong and weak TF binding sites and their clustering.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately predicts expression patterns of CRMs.
  • Positional information is encoded in regulatory sequences and TF distribution.
  • Both strong and weak binding sites contribute to high DNA occupancy and mutational robustness.
  • Short-range homotypic clustering of weaker sites enables cooperative binding, sharpening expression patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The developed thermodynamic model provides a powerful tool for understanding gene regulation.
  • Positional information in development is encoded within the regulatory DNA and TF landscape.
  • Cooperative binding through clustered sites is essential for precise developmental patterning.