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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
10:39

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

Published on: April 16, 2019

[Cytokines in bronchial asthma].

D Milosević, M Mihajlović, O Drobnjak-Tomased

    Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo
    |January 1, 1994
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cytokines, particularly from T helper cells, drive allergic asthma by promoting IgE synthesis and eosinophil growth. Understanding these immune interactions is key to managing asthma severity.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology

    Context:

    • Immune responses involve complex interactions between T cells, B cells, and macrophages.
    • Cytokines are key mediators regulating immune cell proliferation and function.
    • Asthma pathogenesis involves specific cytokine profiles in the airways.

    Purpose:

    • To elucidate the role of cytokines in allergic asthma.
    • To differentiate cytokine production by T helper 1 (TH-1) and T helper 2 (TH-2) cells.
    • To correlate immune cell presence and cytokine levels with asthma severity.

    Summary:

    • Asthmatic airways show elevated levels of cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10, primarily secreted by CD4+ T cells.
    • TH-2 cells produce IL-4, crucial for IgE synthesis and Fc-epsilon receptor expression, while TH-1 cells produce IFN-gamma, which inhibits IgE.

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    Isolating Bronchial Epithelial Cells from Resected Lung Tissue for Biobanking and Establishing Well-Differentiated Air-Liquid Interface Cultures

    Published on: May 26, 2023

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

    Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
    10:39

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    Published on: April 16, 2019

    Isolating Bronchial Epithelial Cells from Resected Lung Tissue for Biobanking and Establishing Well-Differentiated Air-Liquid Interface Cultures
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  • IL-3, IL-4, and IL-5 promote mast cell and eosinophil growth, contributing to airway inflammation.

    • Impact:

    • Identifies specific cytokine pathways involved in allergic asthma.
    • Highlights the balance between TH-1 and TH-2 responses in disease modulation.
    • Provides insights into biomarkers (e.g., IFN-gamma, sIL-2R) for asthma severity assessment.