Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of thoracolumbar spine injury utilizing plain film and physical exam in the pediatric population: A multicenter study.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026
Same author

Predictors of surgical intervention following stereo-electroencephalography in drug-resistant epilepsy.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Following Open and Endoscopic Repair of Isolated Sagittal, Coronal, Metopic, and Lambdoid Craniosynostosis.

Annals of plastic surgery·2026
Same author

National Institutes of Health Research Funding Inequities of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders: A Predictive Analysis From 2011 Through 2023.

Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP·2025
Same author

A First Look at the Research Landscape of the Neurosurgery Match in a Pass/Fail Step 1 Era: A 2024 Match Analysis.

Cureus·2025
Same author

Pediatric Blunt Thoracolumbar Spinal Injury: Defining the Burden of Injury and Imaging Practices.

Pediatric emergency care·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
10:35

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

Emergency decompressive craniectomy for fulminating infectious encephalitis.

Matthew A Adamo1, Eric M Deshaies

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York 12208, USA.

Journal of Neurosurgery
|January 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Decompressive craniectomy can lead to excellent neurocognitive outcomes in patients with severe infectious encephalitis, even with brainstem compression. This surgical intervention offers a promising neurosurgical approach for fulminant cases.

More Related Videos

Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury
05:01

Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 16, 2019

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
09:16

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: June 21, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
10:35

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury
05:01

Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 16, 2019

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
09:16

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: June 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Viral encephalitis can cause severe brain swelling and intracranial pressure, leading to lasting neurological deficits.
  • The efficacy of decompressive craniectomy in managing fulminant infectious encephalitis remains uncertain.
  • Antiviral therapies alone may not prevent devastating outcomes in severe cases.

Observation:

  • The authors present two cases of herpes simplex virus encephalitis treated with decompressive craniectomy, achieving excellent neurocognitive recovery.
  • A literature review identified 13 additional patients with fulminant infectious encephalitis who underwent decompressive craniectomy.
  • Infections included herpes simplex virus (6), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (2), and unidentified viruses (5).

Findings:

  • All patients, including those with herpes simplex virus and other infectious agents, showed signs of brainstem dysfunction prior to surgery.
  • Surgical decompression resulted in good (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] Score 4) to excellent (GOS Score 5) functional recoveries in all reported cases.
  • Decompressive craniectomy appears effective in improving functional independence in both pediatric and adult patients.

Implications:

  • Infectious encephalitis with brainstem compression should be considered a neurosurgical condition.
  • Decompressive craniectomy offers a viable treatment option for severe infectious encephalitis, improving patient outcomes.
  • Early surgical intervention may be crucial for achieving functional recovery in these critical cases.