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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...

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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Published on: May 4, 2020

Severe respiratory disorders in term neonates.

Jean-Bernard Gouyon¹, C Ribakovsky, C Ferdynus

¹Department of Paediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France. jean-bernard.gouyon@chu-dijon.fr

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology

|January 5, 2008

Summary

This study found that elective C-sections were the main risk for respiratory disorders in 37-38 week neonates, while meconium-stained fluid was the key risk for those born at 39-41 weeks.

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Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Published on: May 4, 2020

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

Published on: March 6, 2019

Area of Science:

Neonatal Medicine
Respiratory Physiology
Epidemiology

Background:

Mechanically ventilated respiratory disorders are a significant concern in term neonates.
Limited prospective population-based data exist for these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the incidence of mechanically ventilated respiratory disorders in term neonates (37-41 weeks GA).
To identify associated risk factors for severe respiratory disorders in term neonates.

Main Methods:

Prospective epidemiological data collection and retrospective chart review.
Inclusion of 14,813 neonates (GA 37-38 weeks) and 50,187 neonates (GA 39-41 weeks).
Multivariable analysis to identify independent risk factors.

Main Results:

Incidences per thousand livebirths: TTN (0.72), RDS (0.38), MAS (0.61).
Increasing GA (37-41 weeks) decreased RDS and TTN incidence; MAS incidence remained stable.
Key risk factors: Elective CS (37-38 weeks GA); Meconium-stained fluid (39-41 weeks GA).

Conclusions:

Gestational age influences the incidence of specific neonatal respiratory disorders.
Mode of delivery and intrapartum events are significant risk factors for severe respiratory disorders in term neonates.