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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

Warfarin-associated intraventricular hemorrhage.

Alexander Zubkov¹, Daniel O Claassen, Alejandro A Rabinstein

¹Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Neurological Research

|January 5, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in patients with anticoagulation-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) significantly increases early mortality. IVH is an independent predictor of death, even without hemorrhage extension.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

Area of Science:

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Anticoagulation therapy is crucial for preventing thromboembolic events but increases the risk of intracranial hemorrhage.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe neurological emergency with high mortality rates.
The prognostic significance of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in the context of anticoagulation-associated ICH requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) serves as an independent prognostic factor for fatal outcomes in patients experiencing anticoagulation-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Main Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records and computed tomographic (CT) imaging of 88 patients with warfarin-associated ICH.
Eight patients with predominant IVH were specifically analyzed within the cohort.

Main Results:

Patients with predominant IVH exhibited a 50% 30-day mortality rate, despite a low rate of hemorrhage extension.
Overall 30-day mortality for ICH patients was 45%. Ventricular extension significantly increased mortality to 75% compared to 23% without it.
Multivariate analysis confirmed that both ICH volume and IVH were independently associated with early mortality (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively).

Conclusions:

Extension of anticoagulation-associated ICH into the ventricular system is associated with high mortality, particularly with panventricular involvement.
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is identified as an independent predictor of early death in patients with anticoagulation-associated ICH.
Poor outcomes in these cases appear primarily related to the initial severity of the brain injury rather than subsequent hemorrhage expansion.