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Cognitive function in tension-type headache.

Karen E Waldie1, David Welch

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92101, Auckland, 1042, New Zealand. k.waldie@auckland.ac.nz

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|January 5, 2008
PubMed
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Childhood headaches, not adult tension-type headaches, are linked to lower cognitive scores. These cognitive deficits may originate from prenatal or early childhood factors, impacting development from age 3 through adolescence.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Tension-type headache is a common primary headache disorder.
  • The relationship between headache and cognitive function requires further investigation, particularly in longitudinal studies.
  • Previous research has yielded mixed results regarding cognitive abilities in individuals with headache disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between tension-type headache and cognitive ability in a large birth cohort.
  • To differentiate the impact of adult headache status versus childhood headache history on cognitive performance.
  • To explore potential origins of cognitive differences in individuals with a history of headaches.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal birth cohort study involving 971 participants was utilized.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Headache status was assessed at age 32 years using the 2004 International Headache Society criteria.
  • Cognitive and academic performance data were collected from ages 3 to 32 years, including parent reports of childhood headaches.
  • Statistical analyses compared cognitive measures between individuals with and without headaches, considering childhood history.

    • Main Results:

    • Adults with tension-type headache did not show poorer cognitive performance compared to headache-free controls or those with tinnitus.
    • A significant association was observed between frequent childhood headaches and lower scores on various cognitive measures (verbal IQ, performance IQ, receptive language, reading) from age 3 through adolescence.
    • This association persisted regardless of headache diagnosis in adulthood.

    Conclusions:

    • Adult tension-type headache is not associated with impaired cognitive ability.
    • Childhood headaches are linked to persistent cognitive deficits, suggesting early developmental influences.
    • Cognitive performance deficits in childhood headache sufferers may be attributable to factors present from utero or early childhood.