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Variant infectious bronchitis virus isolated from Indiana chickens.
Poultry Science
|July 1, 1976
Summary
A novel infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain was identified in a breeder flock, causing respiratory issues and reduced egg quality. This Indiana-type IBV is distinct from other serotypes and partially protected by Massachusetts vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Poultry Disease Research
Background:
- Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) poses significant economic threats to the poultry industry.
- IBV outbreaks can lead to severe respiratory distress, decreased egg production, and compromised eggshell integrity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To isolate and characterize a novel IBV strain from a commercial breeder flock exhibiting clinical signs.
- To determine the serological relationship of the isolate to existing IBV serotypes.
- To evaluate the efficacy of current Massachusetts vaccine strains against the new isolate.
Main Methods:
- Virus isolation from affected breeder flock.
- Serological typing using neutralization tests against known IBV serotypes.
- Challenge studies in chickens using Massachusetts vaccine strains and the novel isolate.
- Filtration, heat, pH, and solvent lability tests.
- Embryo inoculation for pathogenicity assessment.
Main Results:
- An IBV strain, designated Indiana-type, was isolated from a White Leghorn breeder flock.
- The Indiana-type IBV was serologically distinct from ten other IBV serotypes.
- Massachusetts vaccine strains provided partial protection against respiratory signs but not against infection.
- The isolate was labile to heat, acid pH, ether, and chloroform, and passed through a 0.22 mu filter.
- Embryo inoculation confirmed pathogenicity.
Conclusions:
- The identified IBV isolate represents a new serotype, Indiana-type.
- Current Massachusetts vaccine strains offer incomplete protection against this novel IBV.
- Further research is needed to develop effective control strategies for this IBV variant.