Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Speciation Rates

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.

Isothermal Processes

Isothermal Processes

A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...

Properties of Laplace Transform-II

Properties of Laplace Transform-II

Time differentiation, convolution, integration, and periodicity are fundamental concepts in analyzing functions and signals over time. Each concept provides a unique perspective on how functions evolve, interact, and repeat, offering essential tools for various scientific and engineering applications.
Time differentiation involves analyzing the rate of change of a function over time. Mathematically, it is the derivative of a function with respect to time. This concept can be likened to tracking...

Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width

Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width

When a flat plate is submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts pressure on the plate. This pressure can lead to many different phenomena, including drag and buoyancy. To understand the behavior of the fluid over a flat plate of variable width, it is essential to analyze the distribution of the pressure exerted.
The pressure distribution on the plate can be calculated by determining the force that acts on a differential area strip of the plate. Thus, the magnitude of the force is equal to the...

Magnetic Damping

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Predictable seismic cycles result from structural rupture barriers on oceanic transform faults.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

Magmatism controls global oceanic transform fault topography.

Nature communications·2024

Same author

Deglaciation-enhanced mantle CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes at Yellowstone imply positive climate feedback.

Nature communications·2024

Same author

Sensitivity of rift tectonics to global variability in the efficiency of river erosion.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2022

Same author

High <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He in central Panama reveals a distal connection to the Galápagos plume.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2021

Same author

Hydraulic transmissivity inferred from ice-sheet relaxation following Greenland supraglacial lake drainages.

Nature communications·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

Intermittent plate tectonics?

Paul G Silver¹, Mark D Behn

¹Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 5, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Subduction may not be continuous, as ocean closure can halt it globally. Earth

More Related Videos

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling

Published on: August 5, 2016

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Published on: November 15, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling

Published on: August 5, 2016

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory

Published on: November 15, 2013

Area of Science:

Geodynamics and Plate Tectonics
Planetary Science
Earth Sciences

Background:

Continuous subduction is a common assumption in Earth science.
Subduction zones can terminate due to ocean closure and supercontinent assembly.
Pacific-type basin closure could significantly reduce global subduction.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hypothesis that subduction has not operated continuously throughout Earth's history.
To explore the consequences of subduction flux variations on Earth's thermal and continental evolution.

Main Methods:

Analysis of geological evidence for past Pacific-type basin closure.
Evaluation of mechanisms for subduction termination and initiation compensation.
Review of data supporting a minimum in subduction flux during the Mesoproterozoic.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests Pacific-type basin closure has occurred in Earth's past.
A direct compensation mechanism for subduction loss/gain is absent.
Data indicate a potential minimum in global subduction flux in the Mesoproterozoic.

Conclusions:

Dramatic reductions or temporary cessations of subduction are hypothesized for Earth's history.
Variations in subduction continuity have significant implications for planetary evolution.
Understanding subduction history is crucial for comprehending Earth's thermal and continental development.