Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

Major Hormones and Their Functions

Major Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Three-year experience with access to nationally funded growth hormone (GH) replacement for GH-deficient adults.

Clinical endocrinology·2014

Same author

Comparison of two low-dose calcium infusion schedules for localization of insulinomas by selective pancreatic arterial injection with hepatic venous sampling for insulin.

Clinical endocrinology·2013

Same author

A meta-analysis of the effect of lowering serum levels of GH and IGF-I on mortality in acromegaly.

European journal of endocrinology·2008

Same author

Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis associated with intravenous bisphosphonate.

The British journal of ophthalmology·2006

Same author

Serum IGF-I levels are similar in Samoan, Māori and European populations despite differences in body composition.

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society·2006

Same author

Oncogenic osteomalacia: culprit tumour detection whole body magnetic resonance imaging.

Internal medicine journal·2003

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Excess mortality in acromegaly.

¹Department of Endocrinology, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. ian@adhb.govt.nz

Hormone Research

|February 7, 2008

Summary

Acromegaly patients face higher mortality, but improved treatment guidelines and growth hormone (GH) control significantly enhance outcomes. Normal insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels are key predictors of success.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Disorders

Background:

Acromegaly, characterized by excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), is linked to a doubled mortality rate.
Standardized mortality ratios in acromegaly patients range from 1.2 to 3.6 compared to the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of updated treatment guidelines and novel GH control methods on acromegaly patient outcomes.
To identify key predictors of mortality and treatment success in acromegaly.

Main Methods:

Multivariate analysis of patient data to determine outcome predictors.
Review of recent reports on treatment guidelines and GH/IGF-I control methods.

Main Results:

Post-treatment serum GH and IGF-I levels are powerful predictors of patient outcome.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Normal IGF-I concentrations and GH levels <2.5 microg/l (radioimmunoassay) correlate with optimal outcomes.

Hypertension and delayed diagnosis adversely affect mortality.

Conclusions:

Adoption of current treatment guidelines and achieving target GH/IGF-I ranges has improved acromegaly patient outcomes.
Newer methods for controlling GH oversecretion contribute to better patient prognosis.