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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment01:29

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment

Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Adrenal incidentalomas: presentation and clinical work-up.

Felix Beuschlein1

  • 1Medizinische Klinik, Innenstadt, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany. felix.beuschlein@med.uni-muenchen.de

Hormone Research
|February 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Adrenal incidentalomas are common, but subtle hormone overproduction, even without overt symptoms, can cause harm. Accurate diagnostic tests are crucial for identifying and managing these conditions to prevent patient morbidity.

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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Adrenal tumors are frequently found incidentally via sensitive imaging.
  • Most are benign and non-functional.
  • Subtle hormonal hypersecretion from these tumors is linked to significant morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of subtle adrenal hormone hypersecretion.
  • To emphasize the importance of specific diagnostic tests.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing sensitive imaging techniques for incidental adrenal tumor detection.
  • Employing specific diagnostic tests to assess hormone hypersecretion and growth kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Subtle hormonal autonomy in clinically silent phaeochromocytoma, normokalaemic primary aldosteronism, and subclinical Cushing syndrome is associated with morbidity.
  • Accurate diagnosis requires tests with reliable sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Detecting subtle adrenal hormone secretion changes is diagnostically challenging.
  • Reliable diagnostic tests are essential for accurate diagnosis and management of adrenal incidentalomas.