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Co-activators and Co-repressors

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

Allosteric Regulation

Allosteric Regulation

Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the enzymatic activity. This alternate site is called an allosteric site, and an enzyme can contain more than one of these sites. Allosteric regulation can either be positive or negative, resulting in an increase or decrease in enzyme activity. Most enzymes that display allosteric regulation are metabolic enzymes involved in the degradation or...

Allosteric Regulation

Allosteric Regulation

Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the enzymatic activity. This alternate site is called an allosteric site, and an enzyme can contain more than one of these sites. Allosteric regulation can either be positive or negative, resulting in an increase or decrease in enzyme activity. Most enzymes that display allosteric regulation are metabolic enzymes involved in the degradation or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

The coregulator Alien.

Maria Papaioannou¹, Christian Melle, Aria Baniahmad

¹Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.

Nuclear Receptor Signaling

|January 5, 2008

Summary

Alien acts as a corepressor, silencing genes by influencing histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and nucleosome assembly. This essential protein

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Epigenetics
Gene Regulation

Background:

Alien protein functions as a corepressor for nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) and transcription factors.
It plays a role in regulating cell cycle and DNA repair pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying Alien's corepressor activity.
To understand Alien's role in gene silencing and chromatin modulation.

Main Methods:

Analysis of Alien's interaction with NHRs and transcription factors.
Investigating the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in Alien's function.
Assessing Alien's impact on nucleosome assembly.

Main Results:

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In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

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An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

Published on: March 29, 2019

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

Alien mediates gene silencing and represses transactivation of specific NHRs and transcription factors.

Alien's corepressor function involves histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity.

Alien modulates nucleosome assembly, impacting chromatin structure.

Conclusions:

Alien is a conserved, essential protein involved in gene regulation and chromatin organization.
Its functions are critical for embryonic development, as indicated by embryonic lethality in knockout mice.
Alien influences gene expression through both histone modification and nucleosome assembly modulation.