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Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin or DPDPE for...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...

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Related Experiment Videos

Remifentanil and other opioids.

F S Servin1, V Billard

  • 1CHU Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France. fservin@magic.fr

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|January 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Remifentanil, a potent opioid, offers unique titratability due to its rapid onset and offset, unlike other anilidopiperidine opioids. This pharmacokinetic profile necessitates specific administration methods for effective anesthesia and pain management.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Anilidopiperidine opioids like fentanyl are standard in anesthesia.
  • Remifentanil, a newer agent, exhibits distinct pharmacokinetic properties.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for optimizing patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of remifentanil.
  • To compare remifentanil with other anilidopiperidine opioids used in anesthesia.
  • To discuss the clinical implications and administration strategies for remifentanil.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on remifentanil's pharmacology and clinical use.
  • Comparative analysis of pharmacokinetic profiles of remifentanil and related opioids.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of evidence-based drug delivery schemes.

    • Main Results:

    • Remifentanil demonstrates rapid onset and ultra-short offset, independent of infusion duration.
    • It possesses potent mu-agonist activity, similar to other opioids in its class.
    • Its unique kinetics allow for precise titration of anesthetic effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Remifentanil's distinct pharmacokinetic profile offers superior titratability in anesthesia.
    • Specific administration protocols, including continuous or target-controlled infusions, are required.
    • Anticipated postoperative pain management is essential due to its short duration of action.