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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

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Published on: November 4, 2010

Pneumoperitoneum recurring concomitantly with asthmatic exacerbation.

Kiyoshi Sekiya1, Takako Hojyo, Hiroyuki Yamada

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Medical Center, Tokyo. k-sekiya@sagamihara-hosp.gr.jp

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|January 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent pneumoperitoneum in an asthma patient resolved with asthma treatment. Air moved from the mediastinum to the abdomen, likely through the sternocostal triangle, during asthma exacerbations.

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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • A 71-year-old male with a history of bronchial asthma presented with recurrent pneumoperitoneum.
  • Pneumoperitoneum is the presence of air in the peritoneal cavity.

Observation:

  • Chest X-rays during asthma exacerbations revealed subdiaphragmatic air.
  • CT scans confirmed mediastinal emphysema and subdiaphragmatic air.

Findings:

  • The intra-abdominal air resolved upon successful treatment of the asthma exacerbation.
  • This suggests a transient, asthma-related cause for the pneumoperitoneum.

Implications:

  • The likely mechanism involves air migration from the mediastinum to the peritoneal cavity via the sternocostal triangle during acute asthma.
  • This case highlights a rare but significant association between asthma exacerbations and pneumoperitoneum.