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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
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Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

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Related Experiment Videos

Gastrointestinal tract bleeding in intellectually disabled adults.

Kamran Khalid1, Saleh M Al-Salamah, Ibrahim Al-Teimi

  • 1College of Medicine, and Department of General Surgery Medicine, King Saud University Unit, Riyadh Medical Complex, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. kkkhawaja@rcsed.ac.uk

Southern Medical Journal
|January 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Gastrointestinal bleeding in adults with intellectual disability (ID) is challenging. Reflux esophagitis is the most frequent cause of upper GI bleeding in this population.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) presents unique diagnostic and management challenges.
  • This study reviews the experience of a tertiary referral hospital in Central Saudi Arabia managing GI bleeding admissions in adults with ID.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the diagnostic and management experiences of GI bleeding in intellectually disabled adults.
  • To analyze demographic, clinical, etiological, and outcome data for these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective data collection on consecutive intellectually disabled adults admitted for GI bleeding (January 2000 - December 2004).
  • Analysis of demographic details, clinical presentation, diagnosis, associated disabilities, bleeding etiology, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-nine intellectually disabled adults accounted for 44 admissions.
  • Upper GI bleeding (66.7%) was more common than lower GI bleeding (33.3%).
  • Reflux esophagitis was the most common cause of upper GI bleeding (57.7%); congenital anomalies were associated with lower GI bleeding.

Conclusions:

  • Bleeding gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the primary cause of upper GI bleeding requiring admission in ID patients.
  • Endoscopy is crucial for diagnosis and initial management; surveillance endoscopy is recommended for Barrett's changes.
  • Bleeding from developmental malformations may be linked to intellectual disability.