Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism02:46

E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism

Here, in contrast to the E2 reaction mechanism, we delve into the aspects of the E1 reaction mechanism, which has two steps: rate-limiting loss of the leaving group and abstraction of the beta hydrogen by a weak base. Typically, the experimental proof for the E1 mechanism is via kinetic studies or isotope studies. While the former demonstrates the first-order kinetics—the dependence of the reaction solely on substrate concentration—the latter proves the abstraction of hydrogen only in the...
Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent01:14

Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent

Lithium dialkyl cuprate, also known as Gilman reagents, selectively reduces acid halides to ketones. The acid chloride is treated with Gilman reagent at −78 °C in the presence of ether solution to produce a ketone in good yield.
As shown below, the mechanism proceeds in two steps. First, one of the alkyl groups of the reagent acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen double...
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Porous Chalcogen-Bonded Organic Framework.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2021
Same author

Key side products due to reactivity of dimethylmaleoyl moiety as amine protective group.

Chemicke zvesti·2020
Same author

Hydrating the Bispropionate Notch in Malaria Pigment: A New Structural Motif in the Iron(III)(deuteroporphyrin) Dimer.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2018
Same author

Mechanochemical routes for the synthesis of acetyl- and bis-(imino)pyridine ligands and organometallics.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2018
Same author

A finite element analysis for monitoring the healing progression of fixator-bone system under three loading conditions.

Bio-medical materials and engineering·2018
Same author

STK33 alleviates gentamicin-induced ototoxicity in cochlear hair cells and House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cells.

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
04:38

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

Published on: July 28, 2022

Dichlorobis(1-ethylimidazole)zinc(II).

Jianfeng Li1, Bruce C Noll, W Robert Scheidt

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a zinc compound, [ZnCl2(C5N2H8)2]. The zinc atom displays a distorted tetrahedral coordination with chloride and nitrogen ligands, revealing specific bond lengths and angles.

More Related Videos

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
07:50

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

Published on: May 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
04:38

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

Published on: July 28, 2022

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
07:50

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

Published on: May 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystal Structure Analysis
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the coordination behavior of zinc ions is crucial in inorganic chemistry.
  • The specific compound [ZnCl2(C5N2H8)2] presents an opportunity to study zinc coordination in a defined environment.
  • Previous studies may not have fully elucidated the precise geometry and bonding in this particular complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the precise crystal structure of the title compound, [ZnCl2(C5N2H8)2].
  • To characterize the coordination geometry around the central zinc (Zn) atom.
  • To provide accurate bond length and angle data for the Zn-Cl and Zn-N interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to analyze the crystal structure.
  • The atomic coordinates and thermal parameters were refined to obtain precise structural data.
  • Bond lengths and angles were calculated from the refined structural parameters.

Main Results:

  • The zinc atom in [ZnCl2(C5N2H8)2] exhibits a distorted tetrahedral geometry.
  • The coordination sphere of the Zn atom consists of two chloride (Cl) atoms and two nitrogen (N) atoms from the organic ligand (C5N2H8).
  • Specific Zn-Cl bond distances were measured as 2.2519(2) Å and 2.2531(2) Å, and Zn-N distances as 1.9998(7) Å and 2.0087(7) Å. The Cl-Zn-Cl angle is 114.742(9)°, and the N-Zn-N angle is 108.50(3)°.

Conclusions:

  • The structural analysis confirms a distorted tetrahedral coordination for the zinc atom in [ZnCl2(C5N2H8)2].
  • The precise bond lengths and angles provide valuable data for understanding zinc coordination preferences and steric effects in similar complexes.
  • This detailed structural information contributes to the broader knowledge of inorganic coordination compounds.