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Longitudinal changes in speech recognition in older persons.

Judy R Dubno1, Fu-Shing Lee, Lois J Matthews

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, P.O. Box 250550, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. dubnojr@musc.edu

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|January 8, 2008
PubMed
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Older adults experience faster age-related declines in word recognition than predicted by hearing loss alone. This decline was more pronounced in females and those with greater hearing impairment.

Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Gerontology
  • Speech-language pathology

Background:

  • Age-related hearing loss impacts communication in older adults.
  • Understanding factors influencing speech recognition decline is crucial for interventions.
  • Previous studies highlight audibility as a key factor, but other elements may also contribute.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rate of change in speech recognition abilities in older adults over time.
  • To determine if age-related decline in word recognition exceeds predictions based solely on audibility changes.
  • To identify demographic and physiological factors associated with the rate of speech recognition decline.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study tracking speech recognition (monosyllabic words in quiet, keywords in sentences with babble) in older adults.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Speech recognition scores adjusted for audibility using an importance-weighted speech-audibility metric (AI).
  • Linear regression used to estimate the rate of change in adjusted speech recognition scores.

    • Main Results:

    • Word recognition in quiet declined significantly faster than predicted by audibility changes alone.
    • This deviation from audibility-predicted scores increased with age but did not accelerate.
    • Decline rates were higher in females and those with high progesterone levels; noise history had no effect.
    • Decline rate increased with hearing loss severity, suggesting non-audibility factors are involved.

    Conclusions:

    • Age-related decline in word recognition involves factors beyond reduced speech audibility.
    • The auditory system's integrity, beyond pure-tone thresholds, plays a role in speech recognition decline.
    • Contextual speech recognition in noise remained stable, indicating preserved abilities in certain listening conditions.