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Correction: Schubert et al. Minimally Invasive Ablation Strategies for Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Ineligible for Surgery. <i>Life</i> 2026, <i>16</i>, 73.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Treatment Protocol for Achilles Tendinopathy with Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy
03:50

A Treatment Protocol for Achilles Tendinopathy with Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy

Published on: August 2, 2024

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in pediatrics.

Alessandro D'Addessi1, Luca Bongiovanni, Francesco Sasso

  • 1Urology Department, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore School of Medicine, Rome, Italy. adaddessi@rm.unicatt.it

Journal of Endourology
|January 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) is a safe and effective treatment for pediatric kidney stones, achieving high stone-free rates. Anatomical and physiological factors in children contribute to SWL

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Treatment Protocol for Achilles Tendinopathy with Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy
03:50

A Treatment Protocol for Achilles Tendinopathy with Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy

Published on: August 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) has been a primary treatment for upper-tract urolithiasis since 1980.
  • SWL application in pediatric renal stones began in 1986, with effectiveness linked to focal power and patient comfort.
  • Anesthesia requirements for SWL in children have decreased with advancements in lithotripter technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for treating kidney stones in children.
  • To explore factors influencing SWL success rates in pediatric patients.
  • To address concerns regarding potential adverse effects of SWL on growing renal systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data on SWL for pediatric upper-tract urolithiasis.
  • Analysis of factors influencing treatment effectiveness, including lithotripter power and patient anatomy.
  • Assessment of stone-free rates and re-treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric SWL achieves stone-free rates exceeding 70% at 3 months, often reaching 100% with re-treatments.
  • Factors such as smaller ureter length, elasticity, and reduced shockwave energy loss in children contribute to high success rates.
  • While renal injuries have been documented, many studies show no adverse effects on growing kidneys.

Conclusions:

  • SWL is considered the preferred method for managing most urinary stones in children across all age groups.
  • Stone size is a critical predictor of SWL success.
  • Treatment modality selection requires careful planning based on individual patient factors, available technology, and local expertise.