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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Hepatocellular Cancer Patient-Derived Organoid Xenograft Model to Investigate Impact of Liver Regeneration on Tumor Growth
Published on: February 2, 2024
Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with recreational anabolic steroid use
P Gorayski1, C H Thompson, H S Subhash
1Peter Gorayski, Department of General Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA, Australia. peter.gorayski@gmail.com
Abstract:
A 35-year-old male bodybuilder was found to have a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in a pre-existing hepatic adenoma following recreational anabolic steroid use. Given the widespread use of recreational anabolic steroids, another potentially life-threatening complication is highlighted in addition to the more commonly recognised hepatic adenoma. Malignant transformation to HCC from a pre-existing hepatic adenoma confirmed by immunohistochemical study has previously not been reported in athletes taking anabolic steroids. Further studies using screening programmes to identify high-risk individuals are recommended.
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