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Related Concept Videos

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Overview
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Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
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Implementing a standing order immunization policy: a minimalist intervention.

George R Gamble1, Adam O Goldstein, Rachel S Bearman

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA. ggdee@QWEST.net

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM
|January 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A minimalist strategy for standing order immunization policies (SOIPs) did not significantly increase influenza or pneumococcal immunization rates. Further research is needed to improve SOIP implementation strategies for greater impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Healthcare Policy

Background:

  • Standing order immunization policies (SOIPs) are effective for increasing vaccination rates.
  • Widespread adoption of SOIPs is limited, with few studies on implementation strategies.
  • This pilot study evaluated a minimalist approach to implementing an SOIP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of a minimalist strategy for implementing standing order immunization policies.
  • To evaluate the impact of this strategy on influenza and pneumococcal immunization rates in primary care clinics.

Main Methods:

  • Three primary care clinics implemented an SOIP for patients aged 65 and older.
  • Implementation involved brief training, forms, and reminders for clinic staff.
  • Chart audits compared immunization rates before and after policy implementation.

Main Results:

  • Minimal changes were observed in clinic practices to support SOIP implementation.
  • Immunization flow sheet use, a key process measure, was inconsistent.
  • Neither influenza nor pneumococcal immunization rates showed statistically significant increases.

Conclusions:

  • The minimalist SOIP implementation strategy was insufficient to significantly alter clinic practices or vaccination rates.
  • Improved strategies are necessary for effective adoption and implementation of SOIPs.
  • Further research is needed to optimize SOIP implementation for better public health outcomes.