Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Confocal Time Lapse Imaging as an Efficient Method for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Dental Composites
Published on: November 9, 2014
[Effects of amalgam on cells of the immune system]
M Wilhelm1, P Dünninger, R Rüppel
1Med. Poliklinik der Universität, Würzburg.
Abstract:
Dental amalgam has been considered to have adverse side effects on the immune system. There are controversial reports, which indicate an increase as well as a decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts due to amalgam fillings. We investigated 2 groups of patients: one group was treated with amalgam restorations for the first time. In the other group all previous amalgam fillings were removed. Before and after treatment we determined the absolute and relative numbers of granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, T cells, B cells, suppressor T cells, helper T cells and NK cells. In addition, functional investigations of T cells were performed. In conclusion, we could not find any effect of amalgam restorations on the immune system regarding the investigated parameters.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
What is the Immune System?
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Humoral Immune Responses
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
Immunological Memory
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

