Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland

The Pituitary Gland

The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Use of Pediatric Donors in Pancreas Transplantation.

Clinical transplantation·2026

Same author

Adult Dual Kidney Transplantation Following Dual Renal Endarterectomy: A Case Series.

Clinical transplantation·2025

Same author

Clinical and haematological features of hyperhaemolysis in sickle cell disease: A case series from two tertiary care centres.

British journal of haematology·2025

Same author

Preventing Microglial Reactivity Protects from Acute and Progressive Neuronal Dysfunction, Motor Impairments and Sedation following Alcohol Abuse.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Cisplatin-Induced APE2 Overexpression Disrupts MYH9 Function and Causes Hearing Loss.

Cancer research communications·2025

Same author

Amyloid-β induces lipid droplet-mediated microglial dysfunction via the enzyme DGAT2 in Alzheimer's disease.

Immunity·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Pediatric pituitary adenomas.

Christopher Webb¹, Richard A Prayson

¹Department of Anatomic Pathology (L25), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine

|January 10, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric pituitary adenomas are rare, often presenting post-puberty with headaches, vision changes, or menstrual issues. Prolactinomas are the most common type in this age group.

More Related Videos

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy from a Single Entry Point

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy from a Single Entry Point

Published on: June 28, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy from a Single Entry Point

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy from a Single Entry Point

Published on: June 28, 2024

Area of Science:

Pediatric Endocrinology
Neuro-oncology
Tumor Pathology

Background:

Pituitary adenomas are uncommon in children, with limited research on their characteristics in this demographic.
Understanding pediatric pituitary adenomas is crucial due to their rarity and potential impact on growth and development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the clinical and pathological features of pediatric pituitary adenomas.
To correlate findings with a comprehensive review of existing literature on the subject.

Main Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 20 pediatric patients (under 20 years) with pituitary adenomas treated between 1981 and 2005.
Clinicopathological data including symptoms, tumor size, hormonal staining, and recurrence rates were reviewed.

Main Results:

The study included 12 females and 8 males, with a mean age of 14 years at symptom onset.
Common presenting symptoms were headaches (12/20), visual disturbances (12/20), and menstrual dysfunction in females (9/12).
Most tumors were secretory (19/20), with prolactinomas being the most frequent subtype.

Conclusions:

Pediatric pituitary adenomas typically manifest after puberty, presenting with headaches, visual changes, and menstrual irregularities.
Prolactinomas are the predominant type of pituitary adenoma in the pediatric population.
Recurrence was observed in 2 patients following complete tumor resection.