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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

Published on: April 15, 2014

Stem cells and neurological diseases.

D C Hess¹, C V Borlongan

¹Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. dhess@mail.mcg.edu

Cell Proliferation

|January 10, 2008

Summary

Central nervous system regeneration is possible, challenging old beliefs. Cell therapies offer promising neurological disease treatments by supporting tissue repair rather than just cell replacement.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Regenerative Medicine
Cell Biology

Background:

The central nervous system was historically considered incapable of regeneration.
Recent studies demonstrate neurogenesis and stem cell migration in adult brains, challenging this dogma.
Bone marrow-derived cells show potential for neuronal and vascular repair in injured brains.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore regenerative medicine approaches for neurological diseases.
To investigate the mechanisms of cell therapy in brain repair.
To identify scalable and clinically applicable cell types for neurological treatments.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on central nervous system regeneration and cell therapy.
Analysis of studies involving cell transplantation, stem cell mobilization, and growth factor support.

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In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes

Published on: June 10, 2021

GM-Free Generation of Blood-Derived Neuronal Cells

GM-Free Generation of Blood-Derived Neuronal Cells

Published on: February 13, 2021

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

Published on: April 15, 2014

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes

Published on: June 10, 2021

GM-Free Generation of Blood-Derived Neuronal Cells

GM-Free Generation of Blood-Derived Neuronal Cells

Published on: February 13, 2021

Evaluation of different stem and progenitor cell types for therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

Cell therapy for neurological diseases primarily functions through trophic support, aiding injured tissues.
Angiogenesis and neurogenesis are interconnected processes in brain repair.
Bone marrow-derived cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and neural stem cells show promise for scalable, allogeneic therapies.

Conclusions:

Cell therapy offers a viable strategy for treating neurological diseases.
The primary mechanism of action is trophic support, not cell replacement.
Scalable and potentially allogeneic cell populations like bone marrow-derived cells are key for clinical impact.