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Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:

Hand hygiene

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...

Decreased Body Temperature

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.

Handwashing I: Introduction and Types of Equipment

Handwashing I: Introduction and Types of Equipment

Handwashing is hand hygiene with plain or antimicrobial soap and water to physically remove dirt, organic material, and microorganisms. However, it may not kill all microorganisms. The handwashing procedure requires a hand wash basin, liquid soap, paper towels, a domestic waste bin, and disposable nail cleaner as optional equipment.
Hand wash basins in clinical areas should have faucets that can be turned on and off without using the hands; that is, they should be non-touch or lever-operated.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology

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Socks but no gloves.

¹Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. ncimolai@interchange.ubc.ca

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology

|January 10, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Acute parvovirus B19 infection can cause severe leg swelling without a rash. The exact reasons for this edema in parvovirus cases require further scientific investigation.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Pathophysiology

Background:

Parvovirus B19 is a common human virus.
Infections are typically asymptomatic or cause mild symptoms like fever and rash.
Complications are rare but can include anemia and arthropathy.

Observation:

A 38-year-old female presented with acute parvovirus B19 infection.
The patient developed profound peripheral lower limb edema.
Notably, the edema occurred without the typical purpuric exanthemata.

Findings:

The case highlights an unusual presentation of parvovirus B19 infection.
Peripheral edema was a significant clinical manifestation.
The absence of purpuric rash differentiates this case from typical presentations.

Implications:

This case suggests a need to consider parvovirus B19 in patients with unexplained edema.
Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of edema in parvovirus B19 infection.
Understanding this mechanism could lead to improved diagnostic and treatment strategies for viral-induced edema.