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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish

Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish

Published on: May 5, 2021

Gatifloxacin-associated hypoglycemia.

Tauseef Ali¹, Ronald A Greenfield, Hal Scofield

¹Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Williams Pavilion, 1140 920 Stanton Young Blvd., OKC, OK 73104, USA.

The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association

|January 11, 2008

Summary

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics like gatifloxacin can cause dangerous blood sugar changes, particularly hypoglycemia. Careful monitoring is crucial, especially in elderly patients with diabetes or kidney issues.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish

Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish

Published on: May 5, 2021

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Endocrinology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are common treatments for bacterial infections.
Altered glucose levels (dysglycemia), including hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, have been reported with fluoroquinolone use.
Elderly patients with diabetes and renal insufficiency are particularly vulnerable.

Observation:

Gatifloxacin (Tequin) is frequently associated with dysglycemia compared to other fluoroquinolones.
Hypoglycemia often manifests early in treatment (within 3 days), while hyperglycemia may appear later.
Reported hypoglycemia can be severe and challenging to manage.

Findings:

This study details 4 cases of severe hypoglycemia in patients treated with gatifloxacin.
A review of existing literature supports the association between gatifloxacin and significant glycemic disturbances.

Implications:

Clinicians should be vigilant for dysglycemia in patients receiving fluoroquinolones, especially gatifloxacin.
Enhanced monitoring of blood glucose levels is recommended for at-risk populations.
The potential for severe hypoglycemia necessitates careful consideration of gatifloxacin's risk-benefit profile.