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Endocarditis I: Introduction

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

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Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...

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Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli associated with equine valvular endocarditis.

Bent Aalbaek¹, Stine Ostergaard, Rikke Buhl

¹Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. baal@life.ku.dk

APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica

|January 11, 2008

Summary

This study reports the first etiological link between Actinobacillus equuli subspecies equuli and equine valvular endocarditis. New phenotypical data for this subspecies are also presented, advancing equine disease research.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Microbiology
Equine Pathology

Background:

Limited data exists on the pathogenicity of equine Actinobacillus species.
Several strains have been isolated from healthy horses, complicating pathogenicity assessment.

Observation:

This case details microbiological and pathological findings of equine valvular endocarditis.
Actinobacillus equuli subspecies equuli was identified as the causative agent.

Findings:

This is the first report establishing an etiological association between Actinobacillus equuli subspecies equuli and equine endocarditis.
New phenotypical characteristics of Actinobacillus equuli subspecies equuli were observed and documented.

Implications:

This finding expands the understanding of Actinobacillus equuli subspecies equuli's role in equine disease.
The reported phenotypical data can aid in future diagnostics and treatment strategies for equine endocarditis.