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Cardiac biomarkers are influenced by dialysis characteristics
C Sommerer1, S Heckele, V Schwenger
1Department of Nephrology, University Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany. Claudia.Sommerer@med.uni-heidelberg.de
Insights
Hemodialysis patients show elevated cardiac biomarkers, cardiac Troponin T (cTNT) and NT-proBNP. High-flux dialyzers maintain stable levels, while low-flux dialyzers increase them, impacting cardiovascular risk assessment.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiology
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Cardiac biomarkers cardiac Troponin T (cTNT) and NT-proBNP are frequently elevated in hemodialysis patients.
- Elevated biomarker levels correlate with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population.
- The influence of the hemodialysis procedure itself on these cardiac biomarkers requires investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of the hemodialysis procedure on cardiac biomarkers cTNT and NT-proBNP.
- To compare the effects of high-flux versus low-flux dialyzers on biomarker levels.
- To assess the prognostic value of these biomarkers in hemodialysis patients.
Main Methods:
- Measured cTNT and NT-proBNP levels in 49 chronic hemodialysis patients before and after sessions.
- Utilized standard hemodialysis with polysulfone dialyzers (high-flux and low-flux).
- Assessed cardiovascular events and mortality over a 42-month follow-up period.
Main Results:
- cTNT and NT-proBNP levels increased significantly post-hemodialysis with low-flux dialyzers but remained unchanged with high-flux dialyzers.
- Oligoanuric patients and those with non-native fistulas exhibited higher baseline biomarker levels.
- Higher baseline cTNT and NT-proBNP levels were associated with cardiovascular events.
Conclusions:
- Hemodialysis modalities, specifically dialyzer type, significantly influence cTNT and NT-proBNP levels.
- Elevations post-hemodialysis with low-flux dialyzers are partly due to hemoconcentration.
- cTNT and NT-proBNP are valuable prognostic indicators for cardiovascular events and mortality in hemodialysis patients.
Introduction:
The cardiac biomarkers cardiac Troponin T (cTNT) and NT-proBNP tend to be elevated in nearly all hemodialysis patients. The high percentage and magnitude of these increased molecules is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. This study investigates the impact of the dialysis procedure itself on cardiac biomarkers.
Methods:
Standard chronic hemodialysis lasting 4-5 hs 3 times weekly and using polysulfone dialyzers (high-flux and low-flux) was performed. Blood flow rates varied between 250-350 ml/min. The cTNT levels of 49 chronic hemodialysis patients were measured twice (interval of 6 weeks) before and after a hemodialysis session by a third-generation assay (Elecsys Analyzer, Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). NT-proBNP levels were measured with polyclonal antibodies capable of recognizing the N-terminal fragment of BNP. In a follow-up period of 42 months, cardiovascular events and death were assessed.
Results:
The median concentration of cTNT prior to hemodialysis was 0.024 ng/ml (< 0.001-0.703). All dialysis patients presented high plasma levels of NT-proBNP (median 4,885 pg/ml). Oligoanuric patients had significantly higher cTNT and NT-proBNP levels prior to dialysis compared to patients with normal diuresis (p < 0.0001). cTNT and NT-proBNP levels increased significantly during the hemodialysis sessions in which a low-flux dialyzer was used (p < 0.0001) but remained unchanged when a high-flux dialyzer was utilized. Neither the predialytic nor the interdialytic changes in cTNT and NT-proBNP levels were influenced by blood flow. NT-proBNP levels increased markedly during hemodialysis sessions (p < 0.005) utilizing the low-flux dialyzer. Patients with a non-native fistula had significantly higher predialysis cTNT and NT-proBNP levels (p < 0.05). Patients with cardiovascular events had a significantly higher cTNT and NT-proBNP at the beginning of the study.
Conclusion:
Asymptomatic chronic hemodialysis patients have significantly higher levels of the cardiac biomarkers cTNT and NT-proBNP relative to the general population. The levels are associated with the time of measurement (before and after a hemodialysis session). Dialysis modalities like high-flux dialyzers influence cTNT and NT-proBNP levels and should be taken into account, particularly in patients with acute onset of cardiac ischemia. The elevation of cTNT and NT-proBNP levels after hemodialysis using a low-flux dialyzer are partly due to hemoconcentration. The significant association of cTNT and NT-proBNP with non-native fistulas (catheter or graft) may be due to the chronic inflammation commonly caused by these devices. Both cardiac biomarkers are of prognostic value determining cardiovascular events and death.
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