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Related Concept Videos

Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...
Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Cellular Injury I: Introduction01:00

Cellular Injury I: Introduction

Cellular injury occurs when a cell cannot maintain homeostasis or adapt to stressors such as hypoxia, toxins, or trauma. Depending on severity and duration, injury may be reversible, allowing recovery, or irreversible, leading to cell death.General Mechanisms of Cell InjuryAlthough causes vary, most cellular injuries arise from a few key mechanisms that disrupt essential functions and often amplify one another. Cell survival depends on the extent and balance of these disturbances.ATP depletion...

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Context for Practice: Nomogram for Pressure Injury in Critically Ill, Influence of Shame on Wound Healing Outcomes, Urinary Sediment Drainage Through Traditional Versus Micro-Zone Hole Catheter, and Peristomal Pyoderma Gangrenosum.

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A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
07:22

A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Published on: March 14, 2025

Incontinence-related skin damage: essential knowledge.

Mikel Gray1

  • 1University of Virginia, Department of Urology and School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. mg5k@virginia.edu

Ostomy/Wound Management
|January 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) affects up to 27% of hospitalized patients. Effective prevention and treatment require structured skin care, but more research is needed to establish best practices.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Wound Care
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is common in patients with incontinence, affecting up to 27% of hospitalized individuals.
  • It represents moisture-associated skin damage and can increase the risk of pressure ulcers due to compromised skin integrity.
  • Accurate differential diagnosis between IAD and pressure ulcers is crucial, often relying on visual examination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on incontinence-associated dermatitis.
  • To highlight the limited evidence-based information available for prevention and treatment protocols.
  • To emphasize the need for further research comparing the efficacy of different protocols and products.

Main Methods:

  • A concise review of relevant scientific literature was conducted.

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  • The review focused on the definition, prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of IAD.
  • The availability of evidence-based information was critically assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Incontinence-associated dermatitis is a prevalent issue, particularly in hospitalized patients.
    • Prevention strategies involve gentle cleansing, moisturization, and the use of skin protectants.
    • Treatment aims to protect the skin, promote healing, and manage infections.

    Conclusions:

    • There is a significant lack of high-quality, evidence-based information regarding incontinence-associated dermatitis.
    • Further studies are essential to compare the efficacy of various prevention and treatment protocols and products.
    • Establishing best practices for managing IAD is critical for patient care.