Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

Perception

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Behavioural and Neurophysiological Effects of Set-for-Variability (SfV) Reading Intervention for Children With Sustained Word Reading Difficulties.

Dyslexia (Chichester, England)·2026

Same author

Critical role of EEG signals in assessment of sex-specific insights in neurological diagnostics via machine learning approach.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Examining potential predictors of attention training outcomes in children with intellectual and developmental disorders.

Journal of intellectual & developmental disability·2025

Same author

Reading Disability in Children: Exploring the N400 and its Associations with Set-For-Variability.

Developmental neuropsychology·2024

Same author

No transfer of 3D-Multiple Object Tracking training on game performance in soccer: A follow-up study.

Psychology of sport and exercise·2024

Same author

Auditory Noise Facilitates Lower Visual Reaction Times in Humans.

Biology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Development of static and dynamic perception for luminance-defined and texture-defined information.

Armando Bertone¹, Julie Hanck, Kim M Cornish

¹McGill Child Laboratory for Research and Education in Developmental Disorders, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. armando.bertone@mcgill.ca

|January 11, 2008

Summary

Visual perception, encompassing first-order (FO) and second-order (SO) stimuli, develops through school age. Dynamic perception of SO stimuli is less developed in young children compared to adults.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

Enabling High Grayscale Resolution Displays and Accurate Response Time Measurements on Conventional Computers

Enabling High Grayscale Resolution Displays and Accurate Response Time Measurements on Conventional Computers

Published on: February 29, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

Enabling High Grayscale Resolution Displays and Accurate Response Time Measurements on Conventional Computers

Enabling High Grayscale Resolution Displays and Accurate Response Time Measurements on Conventional Computers

Published on: February 29, 2012

Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Neuroscience
Visual Perception

Background:

Visual perception involves processing stimuli at different neural analysis levels.
First-order (FO) stimuli are processed by lower-level neural pathways, while second-order (SO) stimuli require higher-level analysis.
Understanding developmental trajectories of visual perception is crucial for identifying typical and atypical development.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the development of static and dynamic visual perception across different ages.
To compare the development of perception for lower-level (FO) and higher-level (SO) visual stimuli.
To determine the influence of stimulus complexity on perceptual development.

Main Methods:

Measured orientation-identification and direction-identification thresholds.
Evaluated both static and dynamic perception.
Assessed performance across different age groups, comparing children (5-6 years) with adults.
Utilized both first-order (FO) and second-order (SO) visual stimuli.

Main Results:

Both FO and SO perception continue to develop throughout the school-age years in static and dynamic domains.
Young children (5-6 years) showed significantly decreased dynamic performance for SO stimuli compared to adults, but not for FO stimuli.
Stimulus type (FO vs. SO) did not impact the development of static perception.

Conclusions:

Stimulus complexity is a critical factor in understanding visual perceptual development.
Developmental differences in dynamic perception are more pronounced for higher-level (SO) stimuli in early childhood.
Future assessments of perceptual development should account for varying levels of stimulus complexity.