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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

Development and initial validation of a caffeine craving questionnaire.

Oliver West1, Gareth Roderique-Davies

  • 1Department of Psychology, HaSS, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK.

Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
|January 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a new tool to measure caffeine cravings, finding that dependence and usage frequency, not abstinence duration, predict cravings. The research highlights the multidimensional nature of caffeine craving.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Caffeine dependence is researched, but caffeine cravings receive limited empirical attention.
  • Developing reliable instruments to measure caffeine cravings is crucial for understanding dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a multi-item, multidimensional instrument for measuring caffeine cravings.
  • To explore the relationship between caffeine cravings, dependence, usage frequency, and abstinence duration.

Main Methods:

  • 189 caffeine consumers completed the Questionnaire of Caffeine Cravings (QCC) during various abstinence periods.
  • Exploratory factor analysis identified three craving dimensions: positive reinforcement, general reinforcement, and negative reinforcement.
  • Regression analyses examined predictors of current cravings and daily use frequency.

Main Results:

  • A three-factor structure emerged, reflecting different aspects of caffeine craving.
  • Higher scores on Factor 1 (strong desires) and Factor 2 (general reinforcement) were linked to high-frequency users.
  • Increased dependence correlated with higher Factor 1 and Factor 3 (mood-based reinforcement) scores.
  • Abstinence duration did not significantly impact craving scores across any factor.
  • Level of dependence was the strongest predictor of current cravings and daily usage.

Conclusions:

  • Caffeine cravings can be conceptualized multidimensionally.
  • The developed instrument (QCC) is a valid tool for assessing multidimensional caffeine cravings.
  • Caffeine cravings are influenced by dependence and usage frequency, independent of abstinence duration.